Bài tập ôn tập Tiếng Anh 10 - Chuyên đề: Mệnh đề quan hệ (relative clauses) & Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn (reduced forms of relative clauses)

Nội dung tài liệu: Bài tập ôn tập Tiếng Anh 10 - Chuyên đề: Mệnh đề quan hệ (relative clauses) & Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn (reduced forms of relative clauses)

1. MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (RELATIVE CLAUSES) Collected by Ms Hoang Anh & MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ RÚT GỌN (REDUCED FORMS OF RELATIVE CLAUSES) I. Cách dùng đại từ và trạng từ quan hệ. WHO: làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người. Ví dụ: Do you know the man who is standing over there. WHOM: làm tân ngữ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người. Ví dụ: Peter keeps talking about the girl whom / who he met last week. WHICH: làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật. Ví dụ: Please recommend me a restaurant which serves seafood. THAT: làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ, tahy cho cả danh từ chỉ người và danh từ chỉ vật. Ví dụ: Do you know the man who / that is standing over there. Peter keeps talking about the girl whom / that he met last week. Please recommend me a restaurant which / that serves seafood. That luôn được dùng sau cụm danh từ gồm cả người lẫn vật, sau các đại từ everything, something, anything, all, little, much, none và dạng so sánh nhất. Ví dụ: The firemen managed to rescue the old woman and her cats that were stuck in the burning housse. She is the most beautiful girl that I’ve ever met. WHOSE: chỉ sự sở hữu Ví dụ: Peter does not like the secretary whose ideas are contrary to his. WHEN (= on / at / in which): thay cho danh từ chỉ thời gian Ví dụ: Tell me the time when (= at which) we can depart. WHERE (= at / in / from / on which): thay cho danh từ chỉ nơi chốn Ví dụ: Do you know the village where (in which) your father was born? WHY (= for which): dùng để chỉ lý do, thay cho the reason. Ví dụ: That is the reason why (= for which) John refused to come. II. Phân loại mệnh đề quan hệ. 1. Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn (Restrictive relative clause): cung cấp những thông tin quan trọng cần thiết để xác định danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ đứng trước. Ví dụ: My father is the man who understands me the most. (Bố tôi là người hiểu tôi nhất.) Do you still remember the day when we first met at university? (Bạn còn nhớ ngày chúng ta gặp nhau lần đầu ở trường đại học không?) Đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ who(m), which, that và trạng từ quan hệ when, why có thể được bỏ trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn. Ví dụ: He promised to lend me the book (which/that) he bought yesterday. (Anh ấy hứa cho tôi mượn quyển sách anh ấy mua hôm qua.) Peter keeps talking about the girl (who/that) he met last week. 2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn (Non-restrictive relative clause): cung cấp thêm thông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được xác định. Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn cách mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy (,) hay dấu gạch ngang (-). Ví dụ: Peter, who is my new friend, is an architect. (Peter, người bạn mới quen của tôi, là kiến trúc sư). They like walking along the Thames, which flows through London. (Họ thích đi dọc sông Thames, con sông chảy qua Luân Đôn.) Không được bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ và trạng từ quan hệ trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn. Ví dụ: She met my brother, whom she later married. (Cô ấy gặp anh trai tôi, người mà sau đó cô ấy đã kết hôn.) [NOT She met my brother, she later married.] Không dùng THAT trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn.( THAT ko đứng sau dấy phẩy) Ví dụ: Ms.Pike, who is my form teacher, is very nice to her students. (Cô Pike, giáo viên chủ nhiệm của tôi, rất tử tế với học sinh.) [NOT Ms.Pike, that is my form teacher, ] Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn, which có thể được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho cả câu. Ví dụ: Peter failed again, which does not make us surprised. (Peter lại thất bại, điều này chẳng làm chúng tôi ngạc nhiên.)
2. III. Giới từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. Trong mệnh đề quan hệ, giới từ có thể đứng trước đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ của giới từ (whom, which, whose) hoặc sau động từ (ngoại trừ without). Giới từ không được đặt trước who và that. Ví dụ: The people with whom I was sitting were very noisy. [NOT The people with who / that I was sitting ] Or: The people (whom/that) I was sitting with were very noisy. Khi giới từ là thành phần của cụm động từ thì không thể đem giới từ ra trước whom, which, whose. Ví dụ: This is the book which I am looking for. [NOT This is the book for which I am looking.] IV. Dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ 1. Ngữ phân từ (participle phrase) Ngữ hiện tại phân từ (present participle phrase) được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động (active) => V-ing Ví dụ: My sister is the girl who is wearing a blue dress. ⇾ My sister is the girl wearing a blue dress. Ngữ quá khứ phân từ (past participle phrase) được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive).=> PII Ví dụ: The novel which was written by Peter’s father is very interesting. ⇾ The novel written by Peter’s father is very interesting. 2. Cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (to-infinitive phrase) To-infinitive có thể được dùng khi đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ đứng sau first, second, , last, next, only, dạng so sánh nhất hoặc để chỉ mục đích, sự cho phép. Ví dụ: Tom is the last agent who left the office yesterday evening. ⇾ Tom is the last agent to leave the office yesterday evening. Please take us to a cafeteria where we can have a delicious meal. ⇾ Please take us to a cafeteria to have a delicious meal. 3. Ngữ danh từ (noun phrase) Ví dụ: Ms Young, who is the school librarian, often lends me reference books. ⇾ Ms Young, the school librarian, often lends me reference books. I. MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ  Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence 1. I was talking to a businessman ___ works with my father. A. which B. when C. who D. – 2. That’s the car ___ crashed into his house. A. what B. that C. which D. B & C 3. She likes sleeping in the bed ___ her mother used to sleep. A. which B. where C. that D. - 4. Do you know the man ___ watch is made of gold? A. which B. who C. whose D. that 5. Kate Simpson, ___ husband died last year, has lost her job. A. who B. whose C. whom D. her 6. He came to congratulate me, ___ seemed a surprise to everyone. A. who B. that C. which D. whom 7. Nha Trang ___ is a famous beach in Vietnam, is very crowded in summer. A. which B. , which C. , that D. , where 8. This is Mary ___ volunteers to come to Vietnam to teach the poor children. A. , whom B. , who C. who D. that 9. The book ___ was written a long time ago can not be used as references. A. ,which B. which C. , that D. what 10. Do you remember Ha Long Bay, ___ has many beautiful caves? A. that B. where C. what D. which 11. The literature book ___ was not expensive at all. A. that I bought it C. I bought that C. what I bought D. I bought 12. We are talking about the writer ___ latest book is one of the best-sellers this year. A. which B. whose C. whom D. who
3. 13. The reason ___ she didn’t come home last night was unacceptable? A. when B. why C. which D. that 14. ___ the teacher had told me came true. A. what B. which C. that D. whom 15. He is a cricket player ___ abilities include fast bowling and powerful batting. A. where B. whose C. whom D. of which 16. You may enroll our course by e-mail ___ can be faster than other registration forms. A. who B. where C. which D. when 17. Bournemouth, ___ we are going to visit, is a real paradise for the retired. A. that B. what C. which D. where 18. She is the famous actress ___ everybody admires. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 19. My nephew ___ chose a lot of toys at the Toy World store for his father, ___ is my elder brother, paid a large amount of money. A. which / whose B. whom / who C. which / who D. who / who 20. We’ll come in August ___ the schools are on holiday. A. that B. where C. which D. when 21. This is the village in ___ my family and I lived for six years. A. which B. that C. whom D. where 22. The pupils ___ we took to the amusement park behaved themselves very well. A. whose B. with whom C. whom D. which 23. The engineer ___ our company relies is on holiday. A. who B. whom C. whose D. on whom 24. The pollution ___ they were talking is getting worse. A. that B. about which C. which D. whom 25. The girl ___ I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully. A. whose B. from whom C. from whose D. whom 26. The people to ___ she was speaking didn't know German. A. who B. whose C. that D. whom 27. My school has got new classrooms, all of ___ are air-conditioned. A. what B. which C. that D. them 28. Jane has three sons, all of ___ work in the army. A. them B. which C. who D. whom 29. Bournemouth, ___ we are going to visit, is a real paradise for the retired. A. that B. where C. which D. in which 30. I don’t know the reason ___ she hasn’t talked to me recently. A. on which B. for which C. of which D. about which  Exercise 2: Find the part that needs correcting 1. The girl who (A) Tuan is talking is the most intelligent (B) one (C) I have ever known.(D) 2. She is in charge of (A) making (B) the candidate list which (C) I want to add myself (D). 3. The village which (A) Napoleon lost (B) the last battle (C) was (D)Waterloo. 4. The light has gone out (A), this (B) makes it (C) difficult to continue (D)the lesson. 5. You will enjoy (A) the views in (B) Hanoi which (C) is the capital of (D) Vietnam. 6. What are (A) the people who lives (B) in the other (C) parts of Vietnam like (D)? 7. My father will fly (A) to Ha Noi, that (B) is the (C) capital city of (D) Vietnam. 8. Every (A) student who majors (B) in English are (C) ready to participate in (D) the orchard contest. 9. Mother’s Day (A) is the day (B) when children show their love to (C) their mother on.(D) 10. Do you know (A) the reason (B) when (C) English men travel to the left? (D) 11. Thank you for (A) your letter, which (B) you invited (C) me to (D) your wedding. 12. This is the (A) picture of (B) the missing (C) girl for whom (D) we are looking. 13. She is (A) the most (B) beautiful woman who (C) I have ever (D) met. 14. The singer about who (A) I told (B) you yesterday is coming (C) here tomorrow.(D) 15. Mother’s Day (A) is the day (B) when children show their love (C) to their mother on.(D) 16. Nancy is always (A) late for (B) class which (C) makes the teacher angry.(D) 17. Pele, of whom (A) I respect most (B) is the most (C) famous football player all the time. (D) 18. Neil Armstrong was the first (A) man who (B) walked on (C) the moon.(D) 19. I come from (A) a city where (B) is located (C) in the southern (D) part of the country.
4. 20. He was the only (A) man who (B) reached the top (C) of the (D) mountain.  Exercise 3: Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given: 1. This man studies biology. What do you call him? A. What do you call a man who studies biology? B. What do you call a man, who studies biology? C. What do you call a man studies biology? D. What do you call a man whom studies biology? 2. Hemingway developed a very concise writing style. His name is well- known throughout the world. A. Hemingway, his name is well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style. B. Hemingway, whose is name well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style. C. Hemingway, whose name is well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style. D. Hemingway, who developed a very concise writing style, his name is well- known throughout the world. 3. This is the battle field. The soldiers fought there. A. This is the battle field which the soldiers fought. B. This is the battle field that the soldiers fought. C. This is the battle field where the soldiers fought there. D. This is the battle field where the soldiers fought. 4. He was born in 1983. There was a severe drought that year. A. He was born in 1983 when there was a severe drought. B. He was born in 1983 when was there a severe drought C. When there was a severe drought in 1983 he was born. D. He was born in 1983, there was a severe drought when 5. John Montagu was an English Earl. He invented the sandwich. A. John Montagu, whose invented the sandwich, was an English Earl. B. John Montagu, who invented the sandwich, was an English Earl. C. John Montagu, that invented the sandwich, was an English Earl. D. John Montagu, invented the sandwich, was an English Earl. 6. Flies carry diseases. They come mostly in the summer. A. Flies, that come mostly in the summer, carry diseases. B. Flies which come mostly in the summer carry diseases. C. Flies, which come mostly in the summer, carry diseases. D. Flies that carry diseases come mostly in the summer, 7. There was a candle. It was burning in the room. A. There was a candle burnt in the room. B. There was a candle was burning in the room. C. There was a candle to burn in the room. D. There was a candle that was burning in the room. 8. I see a boy. He is running across the street. A. I see a boy is running across the street. B. I see a boy to run across the street. C. I see a boy, who is running across the street. D. I see a boy who is running across the street. 9. He drew from the bag a watch. It had been given for his birthday. A. He drew from the bag a watch had been given for his birthday. B. He drew from the bag a watch that was given for his birthday. C. He drew from the bag a watch which had given for his birthday. D. He drew from the bag a watch which had been given for his birthday. 10. One of the drivers told me all about what had happened. He witnessed the whole accident. A. One of the drivers told me all about what had happened, who witnessed the whole accident. B. One of the drivers who witnessed the whole accident told me all about what had happened. C. One of the drivers who told me all about what had happened witnessed the whole accident. D. One of the drivers told me all about what had happened witnessed the whole accident. 11. They asked me a lot of questions. I couldn't answer most of them. A. They asked me a lot of question which I couldn't answer most of them. B. They asked me a lot of questions, I couldn't answer most of which. C. They asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer. D. They asked me a lot of questions, most of them I couldn’t answer.
5. 12. Mary has three brothers. All of her brothers are married. A. Mary has three brothers, all of them are married. B. Mary has three brothers, all of whom are married. C. Mary has three brothers all of whom are married. D. Mary has three brothers of who are married. 13. Neil couldn't come to the party. This was a pity. A. Neil couldn't come to the party that was a pity. B. Neil couldn't come to the party, that was a pity. C. Neil couldn't come to the party which was a pity. D. Neil couldn't come to the party, which was a pity. 14. Mr Carter is very interested in our plan. I spoke to him on the phone last night. A. Mr Carter, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan. B. Mr Carter who I spoke to him on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan C. Mr Carter, who is very interested in our plan, I spoke to on the phone last night. D. Mr Carter is very interested in our plan to whom I spoke on the phone last night. 15. That's the place. The accident occurred there. A. That's the place where the accident occurred. B. That's the place where the accident occurred there. B. That's the place in that the accident occurred. D. That's the place in which the accident occurred there. 16. He was born in 1983. There was a severe drought that year. A. He was born in 1983 when there was a severe drought. B. He was born in 1983 when was there a severe drought C. When there was a severe drought in 1983 he was born. D. He was born in 1983, there was a severe drought when 17. That is hopelessly inaccurate. She told it to you. A. What that she told you is hopelessly inaccurate. B. Everything that she told you hopelessly inaccurate. C. She, who is hopelessly inaccurate, told you such a thing. D. What she told you is hopelessly inaccurate. 18. Ann’s children couldn’t swim. She said that there should be more notices warning people. A. Ann’s children, who couldn’t swim, said that there should be more notices warning people. B. Ann said that there should be more notices warning people whose children couldn’t swim. C. Ann, whose children couldn’t swim, said that there should be more notices warning people. D. Ann’s children couldn’t swim who said that there should be more notices warning people. 19. The wedding took place last Friday. Only members of the family were invited to. A. The wedding, which only members of the family were invited to, took place last Friday. B. Only members of the family were invited to the wedding which took place last Friday. C. The wedding took place last Friday, when only members of the family were invited to. D. The wedding, where only members of the family were invited to, took place last Friday. 20. The book is about the usefulness of how to keep fit. I’m so keen on it. A. The book is about the usefulness of how to keep fit, which I’m so keen on. B. The book I’m keen on is about the usefulness of how to keep fit. C. I’m keen on the book, that is about the usefulness of how to keep fit. D. I’m keen on the book which about the usefulness of how to keep fit. II. REDUCED FORMS OF RELATIVE CLAUSES  Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence 1. Tourists ___ from all over the world visit the romantic rivers in Italy. A. to come B. come C. coming D. came 2. The man ___ to the policeman is my uncle. A. talking B. to talk C. talk D. talks 3. The novel ___ by Patrick is a best-seller. A. writing B. written C. wrote D. write 4. She was the last woman in the village ___ by that factory. A. to employ B. employing C. to be employed D. employed 5. The house ___ three years ago actually belonged to us. A. sells B. was sold C. sold D. selling
6. 6. I ___ a novel ___ by O.Henry at seven yesterday evening. A. read / was written B. was reading / was written C. was reading / written D. read / written 7. The poor man ___ his life has just committed suicide. A. boring with B. bored with C. being boring with D. to be bored with 8. Can you remember the girl ___ you the way? A. shows B. showed C. showing D. to show 9. Do you know the man in red ___ towards your sister? A. came B. comes C. to come D. coming 10. Credit cards ___ in international trade are very convenient. A. used B. using C. which used D. uses 11. The boy is the only child in his family ___ all his parents’ property. A. to inherit B. inheriting C. inherited D. being inherited 12. The lady___ in blue is her aunt. A. dressed B. dressing C. is dressing D. in dress 13. Marie Curie, ___, had great contributions to the world’s science. A. to be a famous physicist B. being a famous physicist C. a famous physicist C. was a famous physicist 14. Dinner ___ over, they returned home. A. being B. be C. is D. was 15. The man in that picture, ___ Genghis Khan, was a Mongol emperor in the Middle Ages. A. his name B. named C. naming D. with name 16. Galileo, ___ works ___ that the Earth revolves around the Sun, continued his scientific experiments even when he went deaf and blind. A. published/ to prove B. to publish/ proving C. publishing/ proving D. publishing/ proved 17. Any credit ___ in this semester requires approximately three hours of classroom work. A. given B. giving C. to be given D. to give 18. The young man ___ after the court was found innocent of all the charges against him. A. released B. to be released C. releasing D. to release 19. Nobody in the club ___ the coming party will have to give any amount of money. A. attending B. will attend C. attended D. to attend 20. The students ___ for cleaning the classroom before the party should come an hour earlier. A. responsible B. responsibility D. responsibly D. responded Identify the underlined part that needs correction 1. The (A) experiment conducting (B) by Dr .Adams last (C) week was unsuccessful.(D) 2. They read (A) the words (B) “No Entry” writing (C) in (D) large letters. 3. Mary and (A) her dog are standing (B) over there go (C) to the (D) park every day. 4. That was (A) the (B) man to talk (C) to (D) your sister yesterday. 5. The first (A) May Day celebrated (B) in (C) England was in (D) 1890. 6. She is (A) the most (A) beautiful woman working (C) in (D) our company. 7. Amelia Earhart, to be (A) one of the pioneers in aviation, (B) attempted to fly (C) the world in 1937, but she and her plane mysteriously disappeared over (D) the Pacific Ocean. 8. The (A) man helped (B) you yesterday is (C) a television reporter.(D) 9. The policeman (A) must try to catch (B) all the men driving (C) dangerously.(D) 10. My dad, being surprised (A) at (B) my strange behaviors, asked (C) me to give (D) clear explanation. Choose one option A, B, C or D corresponding to the sentence which has the same meaning as the original one(s) 1. It is more than one hundred years since the birth of Charles Dicken, the famous Novelist. A. It is more than one hundred years when Charles Dicken, the famous novelist, born. B. More than one hundred years ago, Charles Dicken, the famous born. C. Since Charles Dicken is a famous novelist, he was born more than a hundred years ago. D. Charles Dicken, the famous novelist, was born more than one hundred years ago. 2. She was the first woman in the Philippines. She was elected as the president of the country. A. She was the first woman to be elected as the president of the Philippines. B. She was the first woman who is elected as the president of the Philippines. C. She was the first woman being elected as the president of the Philippines. D. She was the first woman elected as the president of the Philippines.
7. D. She was the first woman elected as the president of the Philippines. 3. Our company holds the monopoly over the import of these chemicals. A. Our company is one of the few companies allowed to import these chemicals B. Ours is the only company allowed to import these chemicals. C. All companies but ours are allowed to import these chemicals. D. These exported chemicals are held by our company, which is monopoly. 4. Visitors come to admire the relics that were excavated from the ancient tombs. A. Visitors come to admire the relics excavating from the ancient tombs. B. Visitors come to admire the relics excavated from the ancient tombs. C. Visitors come to admire the relics being excavated from the ancient tombs. D. Visitors come to admire the relics to be excavated from the ancient tombs. 5. A picture was stolen by art thieves. It was painted by Munch. A. Stolen by art thieves, a picture was painted by Munch. B. Painted by Munch, a picture was stolen by art thieves. C. A picture painted by Munch was stolen by art thieves. D. All are correct. KEY PHẦN 1 EX1 1C 2D 3B 4C 5B 6C 7B 8B 9B 10D 11D 12B 13B 14A 15B 16C 17C 18B 19D 20D 21A 22C 23D 24B 25B 26D 27B 28D 29C 30B EX2 1A 2C 3A 4B 5C 6B 7B 8C 9D 10C 11B 12D 13C 14A 15D 16C 17A 18B 19B 20B EX3 1A 2C 3D 4A 5B 6B 7D 8D 9D 10B 11C 12B 13D 14A 15A 16A 17D 18C 19A 20B PHẦN 2 EX1 1C 2A 3B 4C 5C 6C 7B 8C 9D 10A 11A 12A 13C 14A 15B 16C 17C 18A 19D 20A EX2 1B 2C 3B 4C 5B 6C 7A 8B 9C 10A
8. EX3 1D 2A 3B 4B 5C